MODEL OF BUTTERFLY TURN TECHNIQUE
 General cognitive assignments: Avoid unnecessary movements during all phases Prepare for proper approach to the wall before turn Keep relaxed during rotation, gliding and kicking Increase impulsive forces for push-off, kicking and pullout actions using elasticity of muscles Decrease resistance during push-off and gliding Ensure correct timing of fixing joints for transfer of power during push-off, kicks and pullout Use inertial momentum during rotation Co-ordinate good breathing actions with movements Inhale during rotation and begin breathing after turning actions are over Realise aims of movements in each phase but also prepare for the movements in following phase PHASES: 1. SWIMMING BEFORE TURN AIM of movements Continue with same swimming speed !
  Parameters: Forward speed before turn: 1.4 - 1.7 (m/sec) (Speed before turn is necessary to compare to speed after turn) Requirements for self control: Co-ordinate the right moment for touching the wall 2. APPROACHING PHASE AIM of movements Try to not lose forward speed !
  Parameters: Forward speed of approaching: 1.4 - 1.7 (m/sec) (Speed before touch indicate how good was timing to touch the wall, compared to swimming speed before turn) Requirements for self control: Co-ordinate the hands touch at the end of the recovery and leg kick 3. ROTATION PHASE AIM of movements Try to minimise the duration of rotation !
 Parameters: Duration of rotation : 0.94 - 0.74 (sec) (Indicate effect of grouping and turning) Forward speed of hips during rotation : -0.50 - 0.30 (m/sec) (Shows that hips stops during beginning of rotation or continues moving forward) Requirements for self control: Continue movement of hips towards the wall with high speed Avoid sticking hands to the wall, take one and then the other off quickly Make good grouping of legs during rotation Place the feet correctly and simultaneously on the wall Time feet to touch the wall with recovering arm entry into the water Make quick inhalation during rotation During rotation take body position on side for the start of push-off 4. PUSHING PHASE AIM of movements Try to increase pushing power and speed !
 Parameters: Forward speed during push : 1.3 - 1.9 (m/sec) (Mean speed of hips during pushing indicate effect of pushing action. Mean speed should be analysed as beginning from zero and ending as max speed when feet leaves the wall : mean speed 1.5 m/sec means that max speed is about 3.0 m/sec and mean speed 2.0 Push off duration : 0.30 - 0.20 (sec) (Push off duration indicate power of pushing : then shorter then better, but if swimmer is waiting before pushing, this duration considered as extra unnecessary time) Requirements for self control: Take streamlined position of body and arms for push, hide head between the arms Avoid twisting from hips during push and push with body on side Keep back rigid and fixed during push Keep horizontal direction of push, relatively deep, under your wave Begin push-off immediately after feet touch and make duration of push very short 5. GLIDING PHASE AIM of movements Try to maintain gliding speed !
  Parameters: Forward speed of gliding after push: 2.0 - 2.35 (m/sec) (This parameter shows swimmer hydrodynamic streamline qualities and timing of the first leg kick actions) Requirements for self control: Head , body and legs must be very streamlined during glide Make glide on side or on breast position Hold good horizontal body, head and arms position during glide Avoid long glide duration after push to maintain high speed, 6. UNDERWATER KICKING PHASE AIM of movements Try to not lose forward speed !
  Parameters: Forward speed during leg kick : 1.5 - 1.7 (m/sec) (Efficiency of underwater undulation movements and leg kicks) Duration of leg kick: 1.5 - 2.8 (sec) (If speed is high, then duration may be longer ,if low then shorter) Requirements for self control: Leg action must be undulating movements with correct force transfer and rhythm on side or breast position Keep head between stretched arms during leg kicks Count optimum number of underwater leg kicks and make them with smaller amplitude at the beginning and bigger and stronger at the end Feel the best duration of underwater leg kicks to maintain high forward speed, and decide to begin first armpull from optimum depth 7. PULLOUT PHASE AIM of movements Try to increase pullout speed !
  Parameters: Forward speed during first pullout stroke : 1.6 - 1.8 (m/sec) (Parameter indicate efficiency of that pull) Forward speed during first recovery : 1.4 - 1.6 (m/sec) (Parameter indicate good recovery movements. Comparison to pullout speed shows rationality of speed fluctuation) Requirements for self control: Timing of the beginning of pullout stroke, must be in time, at the end of the last leg kick, and optimum depth of the body - not too deep Make pullout stroke with extreme stretching of chin forward Body must be rising up to the surface at the end of the pullout The action of pullout arm stroke must be with good acceleration, high elbow positions Try to avoid breathing action (inhaling) during pullout stroke, and keep body position flat The action of arms recovery must be with good acceleration, together with body speed Make pullout through “ one hole” on water surface, head first, followed by body and legs - not like a submarine. 8. SWIMMING AFTER TURN AIM of movements Try to continue with same speed as before turn !
  Parameters: Speed of the swimming cycle after turn : 1.4 - 1.7 (m/sec) (High speed indicate good swimming technique after turn movements and must be compared with pullout cycle speed before it, as well as with swimming speed before turn: must be same or higher Requirements for self control: Decide about the breathing actions during first strokes after turn Continue your normal rhythm of swimming with swimming speed according to your individual tactical plan of the race           |
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